Providing 5G seamless and secure services for train passengers is very challenging. In addition to the challenges related to high-speed, many others, such as low signal quality due to 5G coverage holes, tunnels, and complex orography, may compromise the Quality of Service (QoS) provided to train passengers, especially in trains crossing international borders. To overcome these challenges, the EU-funded Horizon 2020 5GMED project has devised a cross-border 5G network architecture that allows train passengers to have the same QoS they have at home in whichever country they are. The network architecture is based on the concept of train neutral host, which operates as a service provider for other mobile network operators. The communication between the train and the ground is facilitated by a heterogeneous network infrastructure comprised of 5G StandAlone (SA), IEEE 802.11ad, and satellite networks to minimize the probability of having low quality signals along the rail track. The seamless switching between these network technologies is performed using Adaptive Communication System-Gateways (ACS-GW) developed in the project. In this paper, we propose the train neutral host architecture, and present the performance evaluation results obtained in a realistic environment over 5G SA networks deployed on the Mediterranean cross-border corridor between Spain and France. Experimental results show satisfying results in terms of service throughput, latency, and train inter-cell handover.

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