Insights

5GMED Handover Test Results 

5G mobility can be divided into two main categories: beam level mobility and cell level mobility. The major difference between the two is that beam level mobility is handled by Layer1/PHY and Layer2/MAC signaling whereas cell level mobility requires some Layer3/RRC signaling. Cell level mobility can be further categorized into...

Network Assisted Handover Between Public and Private Networks

5G private network adoption is gathering momentum due to their capacity to innovate providing connectivity to a large diversity of use cases and applications like industry 5.0, logistics, mining, energy, mission-critical or transport hubs like airports.   The main advantages of private networks are:  Provide tailored coverage and throughput optimization due to the...

Challenges in Cross-Border Roaming Mechanisms

When designing a cross-border architecture and its corresponding roaming mechanisms, i.e., choosing between Home Routing Roaming (HRR) and Local Breakout (LBO), one should consider the specificity of the services deployed and their requirements in terms of throughput, latency, and interruption time.   In HRR (depicted in the figure below), the user data...